As South Africa advances into the fourth industrial revolution, digital literacy and computational knowledge have become essential skills for future participation in the global economy. Recognising this, the Department of Basic Education introduced coding and robotics into the national curriculum to nurture and develop logical thinking, creativity and problem-solving skills from an early age. However, despite the growing momentum, many schools face considerable barriers. A 2024 scoping review revealed that more than 16 000 South African schools still lack computer resources, and many teachers have yet to receive training in coding language and basic robotics. Other secondary challenges, such as electricity access, infrastructure readiness and school security, also persist. These gaps threaten to deepen the digital divide between urban and rural school learners, limiting equitable access to science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) opportunities and future careers in technology. The Challenge Robotics and Coding: Inspiring Innovation through Hands-On Learning Future Africa Community Engagement in One Health 7
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